https://twitter.com/AukeHoekstra/status/1332464525602410498
"New 'study' claims it takes 48k miles for electric vehicles to emit less CO2 than gasoline cars.
But it's just a misleading brochure.
Reality is closer 16k miles.
UK media including @thetimes
where mislead by this carmaker-paid attack on @BorisJohnson
's green plans. (thread)
About me:
I research electric vehicles at @TUeindhoven
and direct
http://NEONresearch.nl.
Comparing CO2 emissions of electric vehicles and combustion cars is my specialty.
My paper describing common errors:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435119302715
A recent report:https://www.avere.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/englisch_Studie-EAuto-versus-Verbrenner_CO2.pdf
Here is @thetimes
@GraemePaton
reporting on 'a study commissioned by vehicle and technology companies' where 'researchers recorded results'.
https://thetimes.co.uk/article/electric-cars-have-to-do-50-000-miles-before-they-are-greener-than-fossil-fuel-vehicles-8hb5m0dm7
And there's literally dozens of others who fell for this.
There were no 'researchers' involved in this 'study' as far as I can see and there are no original 'recorded results'.
https://dropbox.com/s/4lh5prkwzn490ra/Decarbonising%20transport.pdf?dl=0
It looks like some lobbyists and a PR firm produced a brochure for their list of sponsors: a who's who of anti-EV organisations.
The brochure goes all out to bamboozle with marketing speak but there's roughly three types of numerical misdirection:
1) Combustion engine emissions
2) Electric vehicle emissions
3) Biofuel emissions
The report underestimates combustion engine emissions ~50% by substituting reality with laboratory tests and forgetting fuel production.
First the laboratory tests. The table from the brochure looks fine but the graph over time from the source is going up. What's happening?
Well, the tests are going up because from 2017 on the laboratory test became more realistic.
Why? Because after #dieselgate the EU finally could not conceal anymore that the brochure that car buyers and politicians use is around 40% rosier than reality.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360128516300442#fig0002
But even the new (WLTP) test is still ~20% lower than reality.
And then you have to account for fuel production which adds ~25-30% to combustion engine emissions.
So it's not 137.7 g/km but ~138*1.2*1.25=~207 g/km.
https://twitter.com/AukeHoekstra/status/1229108129301921792
Now we can compare with electric vehicles.
The 'study' copies a study of ONE car and generalizes this to ALL electric vehicles by boldly claiming it takes 78k km (48k miles) before an electric vehicle emits less CO2.
A claim e.g @thetimes
repeated.
https://www.polestar.com/dato-assets/11286/1600176185-20200915polestarlcafinala.pdf
This ONE study compares a Polestar electric vehicle with a combustion car from parent company Volvo.
But the WLTP emissions from the Volvo XC40 are estimated at 195 g/km when reality is 295 km: 45% more!
I established this using the EPA rating for the Volvo XC40.
Producing the battery of the electric vehicle emits 7 tonnes of CO2 (95 kg CO2/kWh battery) which is normal for a battery currently manufactured in China.
But that building the rest of the electric car emits 3 tonnes more is not normal because it's drivetrain is much lighter.
Some sleuthing by a tweep gave us the best possible explanation: although the Polestar and the XC40 use the same chassis they used the emissions of the factory in Belgium for the XC40 and China for the Polestar.
To compare like with like I take an XC40 also build in China.
Finally: this is an LCA so you must calculate all emissions OVER THE LIFETIME of the vehicle. That also means taking the electricity mix over the lifetime.
(The brochure uses the same approach for biofuels.)
Average UK mix over the lifetime is ~100 g/kWh.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/794590/updated-energy-and-emissions-projections-2018.pdf
The result is this corrected graph:
1) Both cars produced in same Chinese factory: line Volvo start bit higher.
2) Realistic fuel use: line Volvo steeper.
3) UK electricity mix (cleaner than EU!) over lifetime: pretty flat line Polestar.
=> Break even from 78k km to 25k km.
Finally some words on biofuels. The report touts them as almost emission free but their source (https://concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/jec_wtw_v5_121213_final.pdf) warns it omits land use change.
What does that mean?
It means we are again ignoring reality to protect business interests.
Land use change is basically simple: if I use land to produce biofuel instead of food, someone else on this world will convert a patch of nature into land for food. That negates most of my imagined reduction in carbon emissions and threatens biodiversity.
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ecofys_methodologies_for_low_iluc_risk_biofuels_for_publication.pdf
Bottom line: biofuels from waste are great but limited and should be reserved for e.g. long distance flying and sailing. Biofuels that compete with food or nature often emit more CO2 and are driving deforestation worldwide.
https://www.transportenvironment.org/what-we-do/biofuels
Oh and then there's the new eFuels that are now touted as a way to keep the combustion engine alive. Sorry.
eFuels require 5-6x more windmills or solar panels to produce than electric vehicles. It's a dead end for road transport. Sorry lobbyists.
https://www.transportenvironment.org/press/e-fuels-too-inefficient-and-expensive-cars-and-trucks-may-be-part-aviations-climate-solution-%E2%80%93
So if you think selling combustion engines is more important than finding a job that helps us to combat climate change, that's your choice. But please stop spreading FUD.
And dear journalists: please be less gullible.
For starters I fixed the front page of the brochure."
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